Historical line of airglow observations at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Station: measurements of temperature and studies on gravity waves.

The thermal dynamics of the upper atmosphere, especially in the mesosphere, have been improving our understanding about the effects of climate change, as well as how the dynamics and general circulation in the upper atmosphere are driven by different types of waves, such as the atmospheric gravity waves, planetary waves and atmospheric tides. In order to study the upper atmospheric temperature variability and gravity waves, several research groups have been employing the remote technique of observing the airglow emissions originated in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, besides emissions from the ionosphere. INPE's airglow group started the studies on emissions from the upper atmosphere to investigate temperature and dynamics in the mesosphere, thermosphere/ionosphere at the end of 70's. However, only in 2001 this group sent the first airglow experiment to the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz (EACF) to measure the OH (8-3) emission and temperature. From that year to 2014, several other experiments were carried out at EACF, not only to measure the temperature and airglow intensities, but also to observe gravity waves, winds and other related phenomena. This paper presents airglow experiments at EACF from 2001 to the present, including illustrations, examples of already published results, and unpublished data.

Impact of dual antiplatelet therapy duration on clinical outcome after coronary bifurcation stenting: results from the EuroBifurcation Club registry.

BACKGROUND: Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a bifurcation stenosis is still debated. We evaluated the impact of DAPT duration on clinical outcomes in all-comers patients undergoing bifurcation PCI included in the European Bifurcation Club (EBC) registry. METHODS: We enrolled 2284 consecutive patients who completed at least 18 months follow-up. The cumulative occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cardiovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of overall-death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stroke were evaluated. Bleedings classified as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) ≥3 were evaluated too. RESULTS: Patients were divided into 3 groups: short DAPT (<6-months, N.=375); standard DAPT (≥6-months but ≤12-months, N.=636); prolonged DAPT (>12-months, N.=1273). At 24 months follow-up MACCE-free survival was significantly lower in short DAPT patients (Log-Rank: 45.23, P for trend <0.001). MACCE occurred less frequently in the prolonged DAPT group (148 [11.6%]) as compared with both the short (83 [22.1%] HR: 0.48 [0.37-0.63], P<0.001) and standard DAPT groups (137 [21.5%] HR:0.51 [0.41-0.65], P<0.001). These differences remain after propensity score adjustment (respectively, HR: 0.27 [0.20-0.36] and HR: 0.44 [0.34-0.57]). Such finding was consistent in patients presenting with both acute and chronic coronary syndromes. BARC≥3 bleedings were 0.3% in the standard DAPT, 1.6% in short and 1.9% in prolonged DAPT groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the "real-world" EBC registry of patients undergoing PCI of coronary artery bifurcation stenosis, a prolonged DAPT duration was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACCE and a potential increased risk of major bleedings.

Case-fatality rate of major bleeding events in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Assessment of the case-fatality rate (CFR) of major bleeding on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) may improve balancing risks and benefits of different durations of DAPT following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objectives: To determine the CFR of major bleeding in patients on DAPT after PCI and to compare rates among different durations of DAPT. Methods: Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to August 2021 for randomized trials that reported fatal bleeding among patients who were randomized to ≥1 month of DAPT following PCI. Summary estimates for CFRs of major bleeding were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance method. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I 2 statistic. Results: Of 2777 citations obtained by the search, 15 (48%) of 31 potentially eligible studies were excluded because fatal bleeding was not reported, leaving 16 studies that were included in the analysis. Overall, there were 823 major bleeding events including 91 fatal events in 48,884 patients who were assigned to receive DAPT during study follow-up. The CFR of major bleeding was 10.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1-16.2; I 2 = 50%) in the entire study population, and 13.8% (95% CI, 6.5-27.1; I 2 = 28%), 11.2% (95% CI, 6.7-18.0; I 2 = 0%), and 5.8% (95% CI, 3.0-11.1; I 2 = 0%) in those on short-term (≤6 months; n = 16,553), standard-term (12 months; n = 19,453), and long-term DAPT (>12 months; n = 10,238), respectively. Conclusion: Fatal bleeding is not reported in many studies evaluating DAPT after PCI. The CFR of major bleeding on DAPT is substantial and may be higher in the first 12 months of DAPT than during long-term DAPT.

Case-fatality rate of major bleeding events in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the case-fatality rate (CFR) of major bleeding on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) may improve balancing risks and benefits of different durations of DAPT following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVES: To determine the CFR of major bleeding in patients on DAPT after PCI and to compare rates among different durations of DAPT. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to August 2021 for randomized trials that reported fatal bleeding among patients who were randomized to ≥1 month of DAPT following PCI. Summary estimates for CFRs of major bleeding were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance method. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. RESULTS: Of 2777 citations obtained by the search, 15 (48%) of 31 potentially eligible studies were excluded because fatal bleeding was not reported, leaving 16 studies that were included in the analysis. Overall, there were 823 major bleeding events including 91 fatal events in 48,884 patients who were assigned to receive DAPT during study follow-up. The CFR of major bleeding was 10.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1­ 16.2; I2= 50%) in the entire study population, and 13.8% (95% CI, 6.5­27.1; I2= 28%), 11.2% (95% CI, 6.7­ 18.0; I2= 0%), and 5.8% (95% CI, 3.0­11.1; I2= 0%) in those on short-term (≤6 months; n= 16,553), standard-term (12 months; n= 19,453), and long-term DAPT (>12 months; n= 10,238), respectively. CONCLUSION: Fatal bleeding is not reported in many studies evaluating DAPT after PCI. The CFR of major bleeding on DAPT is substantial and may be higher in the first 12 months of DAPT than during long-term DAPT.

Valorisation of Lignocellulosic Wastes, the Case Study of Eucalypt Stumps Lignin as Bioadsorbent for the Removal of Cr(VI).

The main objective of this work was to assess Eucalyptus globulus lignin as an adsorbent and compare the results with kraft lignin, which has previously been demonstrated to be an effective adsorbent. Eucalypt lignin was extracted (by the dioxane technique), characterised, and its adsorption properties for Cr(VI) ions were evaluated. The monomeric composition of both types of lignin indicated a high content of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units but low content of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), with an H:G:S ratio of 1:50:146 (eucalypt lignin) and 1:16:26 (kraft lignin), as determined by Py-GC/MS. According to elemental analysis, sulphur (2%) and sodium (1%) were found in kraft lignin, but not in eucalypt lignin. The adsorption capacity of the eucalypt lignin was notably higher than the kraft lignin during the first 8 h, but practically all the ions had been absorbed by both the eucalypt and kraft lignin after 24 h (93.4% and 95%, respectively). Cr(VI) adsorption onto both lignins fitted well using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, with capacities of 256.4 and 303.0 mg/g, respectively, for eucalypt and kraft. The study's overall results demonstrate the great potential of eucalypt lignin as a biosorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions.

Sirolimus-Coated Balloon With a Microsphere-Based Technology for the Treatment of De Novo or Restenotic Coronary Lesions.

BACKGROUND: Non stent-based local drug delivery with drug-coated balloon (DCB) is an alternative to drug-eluting stent with favorable clinical applicability in the treatment of selected coronary lesions. Our purpose was to report the initial performance, safety and efficacy evaluations of a novel sirolimus-coated balloon in the treatment of coronary lesions. METHODS: This was a phase I (first-in-man), prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial evaluating the novel SELUTION SLR™ DCB (M.A. Med Alliance SA, Nyon, Switzerland), which incorporates a polymeric microsphere-based technology for controlled and continuous release of sirolimus, in the treatment of de novo or restenotic lesions. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients/lesions were enrolled between November/2018 and March/2019. Diabetes was found in 46.6 %, and de novo lesions represented 79.6 % of cases. Device and procedural/clinical success were 100 % and 96.4 %, respectively. There was only one major adverse cardiac event (target lesion revascularization) reported at late follow-up. By quantitative coronary angiography analysis, mean % diameter stenosis was 30.5 ± 16.7 %, late lumen loss was 0.26 ± 0.45 mm and angiographic binary restenosis occurred in 4 of 45 cases at 6-month angiographic follow-up. CONCLUSION: The novel SELUTION sirolimus-coated balloon demonstrated safety and efficacy in the treatment of diseased coronary vessels, including absence of mortality and relatively low late lumen loss at late follow-up.

Sirolimus-coated balloon with a microsphere-based technology for the treatment of de novo or restenotic coronary lesions

BACKGROUND: Non stent-based local drug delivery with drug-coated balloon (DCB) is an alternative to drug-eluting stent with favorable clinical applicability in the treatment of selected coronary lesions. Our purpose was to report the initial performance, safety and efficacy evaluations of a novel sirolimus-coated balloon in the treatment of coronary lesions. METHODS: This was a phase I (first-in-man), prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial evaluating the novel SELUTION SLR™ DCB (M.A. Med Alliance SA, Nyon, Switzerland), which incorporates a polymeric microsphere-based technology for controlled and continuous release of sirolimus, in the treatment of de novo or restenotic lesions. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients/lesions were enrolled between November/2018 and March/2019. Diabetes was found in 46.6 %, and de novo lesions represented 79.6 % of cases. Device and procedural/clinical success were 100 % and 96.4 %, respectively. There was only one major adverse cardiac event (target lesion revascularization) reported at late follow-up. By quantitative coronary angiography analysis, mean % diameter stenosis was 30.5 ± 16.7 %, late lumen loss was 0.26 ± 0.45 mm and angiographic binary restenosis occurred in 4 of 45 cases at 6-month angiographic follow-up. CONCLUSION: The novel SELUTION sirolimus-coated balloon demonstrated safety and efficacy in the treatment of diseased coronary vessels, including absence of mortality and relatively low late lumen loss at late follow-up.

Impact of dual antiplatelet therapy duration on clinical outcome after coronary bifurcation stenting: results from the euro bifurcation club registry

BACKGROUND: Optimal duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a bifurcation stenosis is still debated. We evaluated the impact of DAPT duration on clinical outcomes in all-comers patients undergoing bifurcation PCI included in the European Bifurcation Club (EBC) registry. METHODS: We enrolled 2284 consecutive patients who completed at least 18 months follow-up. The cumulative occurrence of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cardiovascular Events (MACCE), defined as a composite of overall-death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stroke were evaluated. Bleedings classified as BARC ≥ 3 were evaluated too. RESULTS: Patients were divided into 3 groups: Short DAPT (<6-months, n=375); Standard DAPT (≥6-months but ≤12-months, n=636); Prolonged DAPT (>12- months, n=1273). At 24 months follow-up MACCE-free survival was significantly lower in Short DAPT patients (Log-Rank: 45.23, p for trend <0.001). MACCE occurred less frequently in the Prolonged DAPT group (148 (11.6%)) as compared with both the Short (83 (22.1%) HR:0.48 (0.37-0.63), p<0.001) and Standard DAPT groups (137 (21.5%) HR:0.51 (0.41-0.65), p<0.001). These differences remain after propensity score adjustment (respectively, HR: 0.27 (0.20-0.36) and HR: 0.44 (0.34-0.57)). Such finding was consistent in patients presenting with both acute and chronic coronary syndromes. BARC ≥ 3 bleedings were 0.3% in the Standard DAPT, 1.6% in Short and 1.9% in Prolonged DAPT groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the "real-world" EBC registry of patients undergoing PCI of coronary artery bifurcation stenosis, a prolonged DAPT duration was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACCE and a potential increased risk of major bleedings.

Thin- versus thick-strut polymer-free biolimus-eluting stents: the BioFreedom QCA randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: The BioFreedom drug-coated stent with a stainless steel platform (BF-SS) has been demonstrated to be efficacious in patients at high bleeding risk and receiv-ing only one-month dual antiplatelet therapy. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the new BioFreedom Ultra drug-coated stent with a thin-strut cobalt-chromium platform (BF-CoCr) compared to the BF-SS in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, non-inferiority trial. The primary endpoint was in-stent late lumen loss (LLL) as determined by quantitative coronary angiography at nine-month follow-up. Clinical evaluation was performed at one year. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were randomised (1:1) to either the BF-CoCr or the BF-SS stent at eight centres in Spain and Denmark. Baseline clinical and lesion characteristics were similar between the groups. Mean age was 66 years and 23% were female. The mean number of stents implanted per patient was 1.5. At nine-month follow-up, mean in-stent LLL was 0.34±0.49 mm in the BF-CoCr group versus 0.29±0.37 mm in the BF-SS group, p=0.005 for non-inferiority. At one year, target lesion failure was similar between the groups (7.3% in BF-CoCr vs 9.3% in the BF-SS group; p=0.60). CONCLUSIONS: The BF-CoCr was non-inferior to the BF-SS in terms of in-stent LLL at nine months. Larger studies powered for clinical endpoints are warranted to compare the efficacy of this new platform with currently available DES.

Antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation lesions.

Coronary bifurcations exhibit localised turbulent flow and an enhanced propensity for atherothrombosis, platelet deposition and plaque rupture. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events. Such risk is modulated by anatomical complexity, intraprocedural factors and pharmacological therapy. There is no consensus on the appropriate PCI strategy or the optimal regimen and duration of antithrombotic treatment in order to decrease the risk of ischaemic and bleeding complications in the setting of coronary bifurcation. A uniform therapeutic approach meets a clinical need. The present initiative, promoted by the European Bifurcation Club (EBC), involves opinion leaders from Europe, America, and Asia with the aim of analysing the currently available evidence. Although mainly derived from small dedicated studies, substudies of large trials or from authors' opinions, an algorithm for the optimal management of patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, developed on the basis of clinical presentation, bleeding risk, and intraprocedural strategy, is proposed here.

Hypomagnesemia in beef cattle / Hipomagnesemia em bovinos de corte

Hypomagnesemia is a major cause of death in grazing beef cows in countries of the Southern Hemisphere such as Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. Here we review the literature on hypomagnesemia in beef cattle and describe an outbreak in Uruguay. The disease occurred in late autumn, affecting 6 to 11-year-old Aberdeen Angus and Hereford x Aberdeen Angus lactating multiparous cows in good body condition, grazing on natural grasslands that had been improved by fertilization and sowing of seeds of ryegrass and oat. Approximately 40 out of 225 cows were affected and 24 (10.7%) died. A presumptive diagnosis of hypomagnesemia was established based on sudden death, acute neuromuscular clinical signs, epidemiological data, and the response to Mg administration. The diagnosis was confirmed by detecting low Mg concentrations in serum (0.47-0.57mmol/L), vitreous humor (0.47-0.80mmol/L), aqueous humor (0.66mmol/L) and cerebrospinal fluid (0.59mmol/L). The largest component of the diet corresponding to fast-growing and exuberant forages of ryegrass and oat had high concentrations of K (3.48%), N (4.38%) and P (0.94%), suggesting secondary hypomagnesemia. In addition, the K/(Ca+Mg) ratio was 2.38 in forages of ryegrass and oat (reference value: 2.2), and 0.15 in the soil (reference value: 0.09), which represent risk factors for hypomagnesemia. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is an important cause of mortality in beef cattle grazing improved natural grasslands in Uruguay and it can be easily prevented by correct seasonal Mg supplementation.(AU)

A hipomagnesemia é uma das principais causas de morte em vacas de corte em pastagem em países do Hemisfério Sul, como Argentina, Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Aqui, revisamos a literatura sobre hipomagnesemia em bovinos de corte e descrevemos um surto no Uruguai. A doença ocorreu no final do outono, afetando vacas Aberdeen Angus e Aberdeen Angus x Hereford de 6-11 anos de idade em boas condições corporais, lactantes, multíparas e pastando em campos naturais que foram melhorados com fertilização e plantio de azevém e aveia. Aproximadamente 40 de 225 vacas foram afetadas e 24 (10,7%) morreram. O diagnóstico presuntivo de hipomagnesemia foi estabelecido com base na morte súbita, sinais clínicos neuromusculares agudos, dados epidemiológicos e a resposta à administração de Mg. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela detecção de baixos níveis de Mg no soro (0,47-0,57mmol/L), humor vítreo (0,47-0,80mmol/L), humor aquoso (0,66mmol/L) e líquido cefalorraquidiano (0,59mmol/L). O componente mais importante da dieta correspondia a pastagens de azevém e aveia de rápido crescimento, as quais apresentaram altas concentrações de K (3,48%), N (4,38%) e P (0,94%), que sugerem hipomagnesemia secundária. Além disso, a relação K/(Ca+Mg) foi de 2,38 em forragens de azevém e aveia (valor de referência: 2,2) e 0,15 no solo (valor de referência: 0,09), que representam fatores de risco para hipomagnesemia. Em conclusão, a hipomagnesemia é uma causa importante de mortalidade em gado de corte em pastagens naturais melhoradas no Uruguai e pode ser facilmente prevenida pela correta suplementação sazonal de Mg.(AU)

Hypomagnesemia in beef cattle

ABSTRACT: Hypomagnesemia is a major cause of death in grazing beef cows in countries of the Southern Hemisphere such as Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. Here we review the literature on hypomagnesemia in beef cattle and describe an outbreak in Uruguay. The disease occurred in late autumn, affecting 6 to 11-year-old Aberdeen Angus and Hereford x Aberdeen Angus lactating multiparous cows in good body condition, grazing on natural grasslands that had been improved by fertilization and sowing of seeds of ryegrass and oat. Approximately 40 out of 225 cows were affected and 24 (10.7%) died. A presumptive diagnosis of hypomagnesemia was established based on sudden death, acute neuromuscular clinical signs, epidemiological data, and the response to Mg administration. The diagnosis was confirmed by detecting low Mg concentrations in serum (0.47-0.57mmol/L), vitreous humor (0.47-0.80mmol/L), aqueous humor (0.66mmol/L) and cerebrospinal fluid (0.59mmol/L). The largest component of the diet corresponding to fast-growing and exuberant forages of ryegrass and oat had high concentrations of K (3.48%), N (4.38%) and P (0.94%), suggesting secondary hypomagnesemia. In addition, the K/(Ca+Mg) ratio was 2.38 in forages of ryegrass and oat (reference value: 2.2), and 0.15 in the soil (reference value: 0.09), which represent risk factors for hypomagnesemia. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is an important cause of mortality in beef cattle grazing improved natural grasslands in Uruguay and it can be easily prevented by correct seasonal Mg supplementation.

RESUMO: A hipomagnesemia é uma das principais causas de morte em vacas de corte em pastagem em países do Hemisfério Sul, como Argentina, Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Aqui, revisamos a literatura sobre hipomagnesemia em bovinos de corte e descrevemos um surto no Uruguai. A doença ocorreu no final do outono, afetando vacas Aberdeen Angus e Aberdeen Angus x Hereford de 6-11 anos de idade em boas condições corporais, lactantes, multíparas e pastando em campos naturais que foram melhorados com fertilização e plantio de azevém e aveia. Aproximadamente 40 de 225 vacas foram afetadas e 24 (10,7%) morreram. O diagnóstico presuntivo de hipomagnesemia foi estabelecido com base na morte súbita, sinais clínicos neuromusculares agudos, dados epidemiológicos e a resposta à administração de Mg. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela detecção de baixos níveis de Mg no soro (0,47-0,57mmol/L), humor vítreo (0,47-0,80mmol/L), humor aquoso (0,66mmol/L) e líquido cefalorraquidiano (0,59mmol/L). O componente mais importante da dieta correspondia a pastagens de azevém e aveia de rápido crescimento, as quais apresentaram altas concentrações de K (3,48%), N (4,38%) e P (0,94%), que sugerem hipomagnesemia secundária. Além disso, a relação K/(Ca+Mg) foi de 2,38 em forragens de azevém e aveia (valor de referência: 2,2) e 0,15 no solo (valor de referência: 0,09), que representam fatores de risco para hipomagnesemia. Em conclusão, a hipomagnesemia é uma causa importante de mortalidade em gado de corte em pastagens naturais melhoradas no Uruguai e pode ser facilmente prevenida pela correta suplementação sazonal de Mg.

Twelve-month clinical and imaging outcomes of the uncaging coronary DynamX bioadaptor system.

AIMS: We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the DynamX Novolimus-Eluting Coronary Bioadaptor System, a novel device that initially acts as a second-generation drug-eluting stent, but after six months frees the vessel through uncaging elements. METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicentre study enrolled 50 patients with single de novo lesions. In-device acute lumen gain was 1.61±0.34 mm, and device and procedure success was 100%. Up to 12 months, two target lesion failures occurred: both were cardiac deaths (day 255 and day 267 post procedure). No definite or probable device thrombosis was observed. Mean late lumen loss was 0.12±0.18 mm in-device and 0.11±0.16 mm in-segment. Per intravascular ultrasound, the mean device area and mean vessel area increased significantly by 5% and 3%, respectively, while the mean lumen area was maintained. Stationary optical coherence tomography in seven patients demonstrated restoration of cyclic pulsatility, with an approximate lumen area variance of 11% between systole and diastole. CONCLUSIONS: The DynamX bioadaptor showed drug-eluting stent-like acute performance and safety and efficacy up to one year. Positive remodelling with an increase of vessel and device area while maintaining the mean lumen area was demonstrated. Long-term follow-up and randomised trials are required to assess the benefit of this device on events beyond one year.

Perfil clinico-epidemiológico e principais indicações dos pacientes com mais de 80 anos submetidos a Intervenção Coronária Percutânea (ICP) / Clinical-epidemiological profile and main indications of patients over 80 years submitted to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença cardiovascular e, em particular, a doença arterial coronariana, são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em pessoas muito idosas (> 80 anos) em todo o mundo. Esses pacientes representam uma coorte em rápido crescimento para intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Os pacientes, geralmente, apresentam doença coronariana complexa, avançada, com extensa calcificação, anatomia vascular tortuosa, múltiplas comorbidades e maior taxa de mortalidade que levam a uma menor indicação do procedimento neste subgrupo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil e principais indicações dos pacientes muito idosos submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea em um hospital terciário de Cardiologia. METODOLOGIA: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, realizado de janeiro de 2013 a abril de 2017. Variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas por média e desvio padrão, e variáveis qualitativas em valores absolutos e/ou percentuais. RESULTADOS: De 166 octogenários, idade média de 82 anos, 58% do sexo masculino e 42% do sexo feminino com prevalência de disfunção de renal (Clearance de Creatinina < 45 ml/min) de 34%, disfunção ventricular (Fração de Ejeção < 50%) de 25% e lesão grave de Tronco de Coronária esquerda (TCE > 50%) de 42%. Entre as indicações: Angina Estável: 33%, Infarto sem Supra de ST: 31%, Angina Instável: 13%, Infarto com Supra de ST (IAMSST): 13% e eletivos: 10%. Foi evidenciado mortalidade intra-hospitalar de 5%, dentre elas de causas cardíacas: 3%, sendo choque cardiogênico o mais prevalente. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma predominância na indicação de ICP por IAMSST com alta prevalência de Lesão grave de TCE em octogenários e baixa mortalidade intra-hospitalar de causa cardíaca, estando de acordo com os dados da literatura atual. (AU)

Hypomagnesemia in dairy cattle in Uruguay / Hipomagnesemia em bovinos leiteiros no Uruguai

An outbreak of hypomagnesemia is reported in Holstein dairy cattle grazing lush oat (Avena sativa) pasture in Uruguay. Nine of 270 (3.3%) cows died in May-July (autumn-winter) 2017. These nine cows were from 2 to 9-years-old (1st-6th lactation), with 22 to 194 days of lactation and 15.8 to 31.4L of daily milk production. Two cows with acute sialorrhea, muscle spasms, lateral recumbency, weakness, opisthotonos, and coma, were euthanized and necropsied. No significant macroscopic or histological lesions were found. One untreated clinically-affected cow and eight out of 14 clinically healthy cows of the same group under similar management and production conditions had low serum levels of Mg (lower than 0.7mmol/L). Secondarily, both clinically affected cows and six out of 14 healthy cows had low serum Ca levels. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio of two oat forages, corn silage, and ration was 5.10, 7.73, 2.45, and 0.85, respectively. A K/(Ca+Mg) ratio lower than 2.2 represents a risk for hypomagnesemia. The difference between the contribution-requirement of minerals in the diet was established and a daily deficiency of Mg (-0.36g/day), Na (-25.2g/day) and Ca (-9.27g/day) was found, while K (184.42g/day) and P (12.81g/day) were in excess. The diet was reformulated to correct the deficiencies and the disease was controlled by the daily administration of 80g of magnesium oxide, 80g of calcium carbonate and 30g sodium chloride per cow. It is concluded that hypomagnesemia is a cause of mortality in dairy cattle in Uruguay, and that the condition can be prevented by appropriate diet formulation.(AU)

Descreve-se um surto de hipomagnesemia em bovinos leiteiros da raça Holandês com alimentação a base de pastagens de aveia (Avena sativa) em crescimento no Uruguai, nos meses de maio a julho (outono-inverno) de 2017. De um rebanho de 270 vacas em ordenha, nove (3,3%) morreram. As nove vacas tinham entre dois e nove anos, estavam entre a primeira e a sexta lactação e a produção diária era de 15,8 a 31,4 litros de leite. Duas vacas que apresentaram sialorreia, espasmos musculares, decúbito lateral, debilidade, opistótono e posteriormente, estado comatoso foram eutanasiadas e necropsiadas. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou histológicas significantes. Uma vaca com sinais clínicos, não tratada, e oito de 14 vacas sem sinais clínicos, do mesmo rebanho, apresentaram baixos níveis séricos de Mg (menos de 0,7mmol/L). Adicionalmente, as duas vacas com sinais clínicos e seis das 14 vacas sem sinais clínicos apresentaram baixos níveis de Ca sérico. A relação do risco tetanizante K/(Ca+Mg) de duas pastagens de aveia, silagem de milho e ração concentrada foi estimada em 5; 10; 7,73; 2,15 e 0,85, respectivamente. Uma relação K/(Ca+Mg) maior de 2,2 é um indicador do potencial tetanizante da forragem, A diferença entre o aporte e os requerimentos dos minerais foi estabelecida constatando-se deficiência diária de Mg (-0,36g/dia), Na (-25,2g/dia) e Ca (-9,27g/dia). O potássio (K) (184,42g/dia) e o fósforo (P) (12,81g/dia) estavam em excesso. A dieta foi reformulada para corrigir as deficiências e a doença foi controlada mediante a administração diária de 80g de MgO, 80g de CaCO3 e 30g de NaCl por vaca. Conclui-se que a hipomagnesemia é uma doença de importância crescente em gado leiteiro no Uruguai e que deve ser prevenida mediante a formulação correta da dieta.(AU)

Correlação de diferentes métodos de imagem em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia com stent dedicado para bifurcação / Correlation of different imaging methods in patients undergoing dedicated bifurcation stent angioplasty

INTRODUÇÃO: Cerca de 20% das intervenções percutâneas envolvem bifurcação, sendo um assunto de interesse devido a menor taxa de sucesso do procedimento (< 90%) e taxas relativamente elevadas de recorrências no seguimento tardio. A compreensão dos mecanismos de falência são fundamentais para o aprimoramento da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Os métodos de imagem invasivos como ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) e tomografia de coerência ótica (TCO) são utilizados para avaliar a eficácia e segurança tardia de dispositivos coronários. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar a correlação destes métodos à angiografia coronária quantitativa (ACQ) em lesões de bifurcação coronária tratadas com stents dedicados a bifurcação. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, não-randomizado, de braço único, envolvendo um centro clinico que avaliou a correlação entre diferentes métodos de avaliação de imagem (ACQ, USIC e TCO) na avaliação tardia (9 meses) de pacientes com lesões de bifurcação tratados com o stent farmacológico liberador de sirolimus dedicado BiOSS. Foram incluídos 35 pacientes (36 lesões) tratadas entre Jan/16 a Fev/17. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das lesões (69%) envolveram bifurcação na artéria descendente anterior. Em relação ao envolvimento dos segmentos da bifurcação, 42.2% foram classificadas como lesões verdadeiras (Medina 111 11.1%, 011 22.8%, e 101 8.3%). Em relação a técnica de tratamento, a estratégia provisional foi planejada na totalidade dos casos, sendo necessário o implante de stent no ramo lateral em 25% dos casos. No reestudo protocolar aos 9 meses, realizado em 100% dos casos, a perda tardia do lumen (PTL) no vaso principal e no ramo lateral foram, respectivamente, 0,29 mm e 0,18 mm. Considerando os subsegmentos intra-stent proximal, carina e intra-stent distal no vaso principal, a PTL foi 0,23 mm, 0,29 mm e 0,33 mm, respectivamente; ja a área mínima do lúmen (AML) pelo TCO e USIC foram, respectivamente, 8,60 mm2 e 5,68 mm2, 8,18 mm2 e 5,32 mm2, e 6,29 mm2 e 3,99 mm2. Pelo método de Pearson, a TCO e o USIC demonstraram elevada correlação para as medidas de AML (r = 0,75; p < 0,05) no segmento intra-stent e área mínima do stent (r = 0,79). Já a ACQ não demonstrou correlação significativa com os métodos invasivos. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta investigação, os métodos de imagem invasivos (TCO e USIC) demonstraram alta correlação em termos de AML e área mínima do stent em lesões de bifurcação tratadas com stent farmacológico dedicado. (AU)

Comparação randomizada de intervenções coronárias percutâneas guiadas por tomografia de coerência óptica versus ultrassom intravascular versus angiografia. Estudo randomizado ISIGHT / Randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary interventions guided by optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound versus angiography. ISIGHT Randomized Study

INTRODUÇÃO: Intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) guiada por ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) associou-se com menor ocorrência de eventos adversos em comparação com ICP guiada por angiografia. A tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO) possui resolução 10 vezes maior que a do USIC. No entanto, seu papel como guia de ICP foi pouco estudado. Nosso objetivo primário é avaliar a não inferioridade da ICP guiada por TCO em comparação com a guia por USIC quanto ao desfecho primário de expansão dos stents ao final do procedimento de ICP. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com ≥ 1 lesão em coronárias nativas com 2,25-4,0 mm de diâmetro, foram randomizados (1:1:1), em blocos de 9, para ICP guiada por angiografia, USIC, e TCO. Com um α unicaudal de 0,05 e margem de não inferioridade de 6,85% para expansão dos stents, 150 pacientes (50 em cada grupo) fornece poder de 80% para investigar a não inferioridade da ICP guiada por TCO em comparação com guia por USIC. Caso a não inferioridade fosse alcançada para o desfecho primário, testamos, de forma hierárquica, a superioridade da ICP guiada por TCO vs. ICP guiada por USIC e angiografia, e ICP guiada por USIC vs. ICP guiada por angiografia. RESULTADOS: 151 pacientes foram randomizados para ICP guiada por TCO (n=51), USIC (n=51) e angiografia (n=49). A área mínima do stent pós-ICP foi semelhante entre os grupos (TCO: 7,18 ± 2,66 mm vs. USIC: 6,97 ± 2,09 mm vs. angiografia: 7,26 ± 2,48 mm, p=0.820). A expansão dos stents foi 98,01 ± 16,14% nas ICP guiadas por TCO, 91,69 ± 15,75% nas guiadas por USIC e 90,53 ± 14,84% nas guiadas por angiografia (p=0.035). Expansões obtidas sob guia da TCO foram não inferiores às obtidas com USIC (diferença TCO-USIC: 7,00; IC 95%: -0,39 a 14,39, p<0,001). Na análise hierárquica, expansão por TCO foi superior à angiografia (p=0,041), mas não superior ao USIC (p=0,067). ICP guiada por USIC não foi superior à guiada por angiografia (p=0.923). O porcentual de hastes dos stents mal apostas foi menor em ICP guiadas por TCO (TCO: 1.74 ± 1.49% vs. USIC: 3.35 ± 4.03% vs. angiografia: 4.20 ± 6.85%, p=0.035). Não houve diferença significativa quanto à ocorrência de dissecção de bordas (TCO: 15,7% vs. USIC: 15,7% vs. angiografia: 22,6%, p=0,610), e complicações dos procedimentos. CONCLUSÕES: ICP guiada por TCO gerou expansão dos stents não inferiores às obtidas com USIC, e superiores às obtidas por angiografia, com melhor aposição das hastes e sem aumento de complicações. Estes resultados indicam que TCO pode ser utilizada com segurança para guiar ICP. Seu impacto clínico deve ser futuramente investigado. (AU)

Avaliação de pacientes muito idosos submetidos a Intervenção Coronária Percutânea (ICP): evolução tardia / Evaluation of very elderly patients undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): late evolution

INTRODUÇÃO: Os avanços na tecnologia e nas técnicas de ICP ao longo da última década levaram a melhores resultados e menor risco de complicações. A doença cardiovascular e, em particular, a doença arterial coronariana, é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em pessoas muito idosas (> 80 anos) em todo o mundo. Esses pacientes representam uma coorte em rápido crescimento para intervenção coronariana percutânea. Os pacientes idosos são alvos ideais para essas estratégias minimamente invasivas devido a menor morbidade, mortalidade e incidência de Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) quando comparado a Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução tardia (1 ano) dos pacientes muito idosos submetidos a intervenção coronariana percutânea em um hospital terciário de Cardiologia. METODOLOGIA: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, realizado de janeiro de 2013 a abril de 2017. Variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas por média e desvio padrão, e variáveis qualitativas em valores absolutos e/ou percentuais. RESULTADOS: De 166 octogenários, foi evidenciado no seguimento de 1 ano uma mortalidade de 5% sendo 1% apenas de causas cardíacas. Novo Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) em 5% da amostra e nova Revascularização em 9% que incluiu estagiamento de lesões e novo procedimento por IAM. Não foram evidenciados complicações vasculares e nem AVE. A Dupla Antiagregação Plaquetária (DAPT) foi mantida por um tempo médio de 330 dias, tendo 80% da amostra atingido 1 ano. Houve Interrupção da DAPT em 4% (6) sendo 66% (4) por algum tipo de sangramento. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se baixa mortalidade e complicações no seguimento de 1 ano de octogenários submetidos a ICP. Houve uma boa aderência a DATP com baixa prevalência de sangramentos. A idade na ausência de outros fatores não cardíacos não deve proibir o acesso do paciente à revascularização coronariana percutânea. (AU)

Perfil clinico-epidemiológico e principais indicações dos pacientes com mais de 80 anos submetidos a Intervenção Coronária Percutânea (ICP) / Clinical-epidemiological profile and main indications of patients over 80 years submitted to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença cardiovascular e, em particular, a doença arterial coronariana, são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em pessoas muito idosas (> 80 anos) em todo o mundo. Esses pacientes representam uma coorte em rápido crescimento para intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Os pacientes, geralmente, apresentam doença coronariana complexa, avançada, com extensa calcificação, anatomia vascular tortuosa, múltiplas comorbidades e maior taxa de mortalidade que levam a uma menor indicação do procedimento neste subgrupo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil e principais indicações dos pacientes muito idosos submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea em um hospital terciário de Cardiologia. METODOLOGIA: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, realizado de janeiro de 2013 a abril de 2017. Variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas por média e desvio padrão, e variáveis qualitativas em valores absolutos e/ou percentuais. RESULTADOS: De 166 octogenários, idade média de 82 anos, 58% do sexo masculino e 42% do sexo feminino com prevalência de disfunção de renal (Clearance de Creatinina < 45 ml/min) de 34%, disfunção ventricular (Fração de Ejeção < 50%) de 25% e lesão grave de Tronco de Coronária esquerda (TCE > 50%) de 42%. Entre as indicações: Angina Estável: 33%, Infarto sem Supra de ST: 31%, Angina Instável: 13%, Infarto com Supra de ST (IAMSST): 13% e eletivos: 10%. Foi evidenciado mortalidade intra-hospitalar de 5%, dentre elas de causas cardíacas: 3%, sendo choque cardiogênico o mais prevalente. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma predominância na indicação de ICP por IAMSST com alta prevalência de Lesão grave de TCE em octogenários e baixa mortalidade intra-hospitalar de causa cardíaca, estando de acordo com os dados da literatura atual. (AU)

Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with CKD and drug-eluting stents: a meta analysis

Background and objectives Whether prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is more protective in patients with CKD and drug elutings tents compared with shorter DAPT isuncertain.The purposeofthismeta-analysis was to examine whether shorter DAPT in patients with drug-eluting stents and CKD is associated with lower mortality or major adverse cardiovascular event rates compared with longer DAPT. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A Medline literature research was conducted to identify randomized trials in patients with drug-eluting stents comparing different DAPT duration strategies.Inclusionof patients with CKD was alsorequired. The primary outcome was acomposite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction,stroke,orstent thrombosis (definiteorprobable).Major bleeding was the secondary outcome.Therisk ratio (RR) was estimated using a random-effects model. Results Five randomized trials were included (1902 patient swith CKD).Short DAPT (#6months) was associated with a similar incidence of the primary outcome, compared with 12-month DAPT among patients with CKD (48 versus 50 events; RR, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.64 to 1.36; P=0.72). Twelve-month DAPT was also associated with a similar incidence of the primary outcome compared with extended DAPT ($30 months) in the CKD subgroup (35 versus 35 events; RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.62; P=0.87). Numerically lower major bleeding eventrates were detected with shorter versus 12-monthDAPT(9versus13events;RR,0.69;95%CI,0.30 to1.60;P=0.39)and12-month versus extended DAPT( 9 versus 12 events;RR,0.83;95%CI,0.35to1.93;P=0.66)in patients with CKD.Conclusions Short DAPT does not appear to be inferior to longer DAPT in patients with CKD and drug-eluting stents.Because of imprecisioninestimates (feweventsandwide confidence intervals),nodefinite conclusion scan be drawn with respect to stent thrombosis. (AU)